Life sciences companies that seek to expand must contend with an evolving global tax landscape that affects their international operations, intellectual property management, tax planning strategies and compliance requirements. These pervasive challenges necessitate careful consideration of cross-border transactions and regulatory changes to optimize their global footprint and manage tax liabilities.
How international tax reforms in the OBBBA could affect life sciences companies’ global footprint and supply chain
American competitiveness
Tax rates for foreign-derived intangible income (FDII) and global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) were designed to encourage U.S. companies to keep intangible assets and the associated profits within the United States. Together, they aimed to balance American competitiveness globally with the federal government’s need for revenue. The OBBBA maintains the concepts but modifies FDII and GILTI by:
- Modifying the calculations to remove exclusions based on fixed asset investment and soften expense allocation requirements
- Slightly increasing the corresponding effective tax rates (ETRs) and changing the foreign tax credit limitation
- Renaming to foreign-derived deduction eligible income (FDDEI) and net CFC tested income (NCTI), respectively
FDII, now FDDEI: The FDII deduction regime was designed to encourage U.S. corporations to retain high-value functions, such as intellectual property ownership and sales operations, within the U.S. by offering a reduced ETR on income earned from exporting goods and services to foreign markets. While the OBBBA increases the headline ETR of this benefit, other changes are favorable to the calculation. In particular, a provision was removed that previously reduced the FDII benefit relative to a company’s U.S. fixed asset investment. This change removes a barrier that had nominally de-incentivized U.S. based manufacturing.
GILTI, now NCTI: Changes to the calculation of GILTI, now NCTI, de-incentivize fixed asset investment in controlled foreign subsidiaries, and may therefore discourage manufacturing in foreign subsidiary jurisdictions. However, changes to the operation of foreign tax credits with respect to NCTI may serve to offset or even neutralize this problem.
NCTI is the closest domestic tax regime to an income inclusion rule (IIR) under the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development’s (OECD) Pillar Two framework. On June 28, 2025, the G7 recognized that the U.S. minimum tax architecture, namely the NCTI regime and the corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT), provides a functionally equivalent response to the OECD’s Pillar Two tax, sufficiently close in substance to avoid additional top-up taxes under OECD rules.
Profit shifting and base erosion
The base-erosion and anti-abuse tax (BEAT) is a minimum tax designed to prevent large multinational corporations from avoiding U.S. tax liability by shifting profits abroad. The OBBBA permanently lowered the scheduled BEAT rate from 12.5% to 10.5% and eliminated the unfavorable treatment of certain credits that could be applied against regular tax liabilities after Dec. 31, 2025.
Learn more about U.S. international tax reforms in the OBBBA.
Tariffs
Tariffs are separate from the OBBBA, but as they continue to be applied, they could have profound implications for U.S. importers specifically and the economy in general. Depending on the details, increased tariffs could increase companies’ sourcing costs, impact export revenues if trading partners retaliate, and compel life sciences companies to further reconfigure their supply chains.